Which word means to reject the validity of?

• A. Lofty or grand
• B. Deceptively attractive
• C. Sharp and irritating
• D. To reject the validity of

Answer: (D)

The main idea is recognizing a word that means challenging the truth of a claim. To refute something is to argue against it and show that it’s false, effectively denying its validity. The option that expresses this exact sense is the best fit because it directly defines the act of rejecting a claim’s validity—refuting the claim with evidence or contradiction. For contrast, the other descriptions point to unrelated ideas: lofty or grand describes scale or nobility; deceptively attractive refers to something that seems appealing but misleads; sharp and irritating describes a biting or abrasive quality. So the precise concept here is refuting a claim by demonstrating its falsehood.